實作ERP系統時料號編碼策略問題探討

在導入物料管理系統時，往往會有料號編碼原則的問題，要將料號賦予意義的編碼原則還是用系統自動產生沒有意義的編碼? 下面是一個CPIM專家的回答 :

實作ERP系統時料號編碼策略問題 :
. What part numbering strategies have other companies employed during implementation of an ERP system?
. Why was this strategy chosen?
. What problems arose during implementation because of this decision?
. If you were to do this all over again, would you make the same decision?

顧問解答如下 :
This issue comes up in most ERP implementations. I have had this discussion with almost every company that I have been involved with. My recommendation would be the same as your SAP consultants. No matter how much or little intelligence you put in your part numbers you will run out of numbers some time. Or your business will change enough that your part numbers don't mean as much as they used to. SAP has a good solution to this problem. Let SAP auto-generate your part numbers and use Classification to classify the numbers into the groups that you want. You can then build reports or search queries to find the part number or groups of part numbers that you want. SAP also has "material groups" that you can assign to a group of part numbers. This would be like a commodity code.
By using classification you also help eliminate the possibility of having two part numbers for the same physical part because you could not find the part number and just created a new one.
During implementation the problem is that you have to retrain people to not rely on the part number and that they should rely on the description to identify the physical part. Descriptions have to be very specific using Noun, Adjective, Adjective, etc.
Another thing that I have seen is that in the storeroom or warehouse people try to put the inventory in part number order. This might be of some help when trying to find a part number but it is very inefficient for storage space. You should use a part locator to store material and not the part number sequence.
Would I do it again?? Without a doubt I would use system generated part numbers.
這個問題發生在大多數ERP導入過程。我幾乎跟每一個參與導入的公司有過這樣的討論。我的建議跟一般SAP顧問一樣。無論您把公司的料號編碼加入多少智慧(意義)，執行一段時間，號碼就會用完。或者是因為業務的改變，造成料號編碼的原則已經不敷使用。
 SAP對這個問題具有很好地解決方法。讓SAP自動產生料號並使用Classification來進行分類分群。您可以建立報表或透過搜尋，找到需要的料號或料號群組。 SAP還有“material groups(物料群組)”，你將它指定給料號。就像一個商品代碼，藉由分類可以避免相同實體料件，建立了兩個不同的料號。

在導入過程中的問題是，你必須訓練同仁，不要再依賴於料號編碼，讓他們依靠的料號的描述，了解物料的實體特性。這個描述必須要非常具體的使用名詞，形容詞，形容詞等。

我曾看過在儲藏室或倉庫的人試圖把庫存以料號來排序。這可能有助於找到一個物料，但對這種方式對存儲空間是非常沒有效率的。而應該使用"料號定位碼"(part locator)，來存放物料，而不是料號的順序。

毫無疑問，我會用系統來自動產生料號。

Steve Blair CPIM
Quality Systems Consulting

感想 :
料號採系統自動編碼機制? 也就是無意義的料號編碼! 但是在實際的生產及倉儲人員卻無法透過無意義的編號進行溝通, 因此生產及倉儲人員透過另一種方式描述料號, 但是必須有良好的管理方式及嚴格的轉換機制, 否則容易造成錯誤. - Fred Wang